Google will begin testing autonomous cars with consumers

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After almost a decade of research, Google’s autonomous car project is close to becoming a real service as it begins testing its vehicles with consumers in the U.S.

Now known as Waymo, the Alphabet self-driving car unit is letting residents in Phoenix sign up to use its vehicles in a self-driving car ride service. It’s a major step toward commercializing a technology that could one day upend the transportation industry.

Waymo is adding 500 customized Chrysler Pacifica minivans to its fleet for the Phoenix program. Waymo has already tested these vehicles, plus other makes and models, on public roads, but only with its employees and contractors as testers. By opening the doors to the general public with a larger fleet, the company will get data on how people experience and use self-driving cars — and clues on ways to generate revenue from the technology.

Waymo is letting people across parts of the Phoenix metropolitan area apply for the service as part of an “early rider program.” Initial users will be able to book Waymo’s minivans using an app, but won’t have to pay.

The company is signing up hundreds of people with diverse backgrounds and transportation needs. Google is a pioneer in autonomous cars, launching its research program in 2009.

After mostly ignoring the project for several years, the auto industry has recently rushed to catch up, pumping billions of dollars into similar technology and engineering talent.

Uber Technologies has emerged as a particularly bitter rival for Waymo. Last year, autonomous vehicles run by the ride-hailing giant began picking up paying customers in Pittsburgh. Earlier this year, it started doing the same in Tempe, a town in the eastern part of the Phoenix metro area. Waymo is currently suing Uber over the technology, but insists its business model will be broader than Uber’s.

In Phoenix participants will use the autonomous minivan fleet every day, at any time, to go anywhere within an area twice the size of San Francisco.

Last year, Waymo inked a deal with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles for 100 Pacifica vans outfitted with Waymo’s software and tailored hardware. Waymo added the fleet to the to 70 other cars it is testing in California, Texas, Washington and Arizona, which it entered in 2016. Since Google started its program, those vehicles have racked up nearly 3 million test miles on public roads, primarily to refine the autonomous software and ensure the system could handle rare but potentially dangerous cases.

Waymo has faced criticism for not launching a commercial service sooner. This was especially true last year when it lost several top engineers, and Uber launched its limited test service. They have often responded by pointing to safety concerns and technical obstacles to deploying fully driver-less cars. The Phoenix service answers some of these concerns as it moves beyond the research phase and focuses on passenger experience and business model development.

Waymo’s staff has also worked on new displays and controls to get people comfortable being inside self-driving cars. The Phoenix passengers will be the first to see these tools in action.

Waymo is still moving cautiously. Chosen users for the Phoenix service will sit in passenger seats, and Waymo will put contractor or employee testers in the driver seat — although the goal is to remove them eventually. The company has quietly been testing the service with a small handful of Phoenix residents for two months.

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